1. Hayaniya: Matsalar
Babu Wanda Ya Sanya A Tsarin Gida

Idan aka shimfida sabuwar injin saka, mutane suna jayayya game da layukan injina, ajiyar zare, hanyoyin tafiya, da tashoshin lodi. Hayaniya kusan ba ta taɓa shiga cikin zane ba. Wannan kuskure ne.

Wani bene mai zagaye wanda ke amfani da injinan saka guda 50 yana da tsawon lokaci tsakanin 82 da 92 dB(A) duk suna canzawa. Wannan yanayin sauti iri ɗaya ne da tsayawa kusa da babbar hanya na tsawon awanni takwas. Yi shi kowace rana ba tare da kariya ba, kuma rashin jin magana ba ya dawowa. Baya ga haka, kuna samun masu aiki waɗanda ba sa jin junansu ta cikin injinan, kiran gargaɗi da aka rasa, da kuma haɗarin haɗari da ke hawa a hankali a bango.

Ga masana'antun masana'antu a Turkiyya, Uzbekistan, da sauran cibiyoyin da ake jigilar su zuwa samfuran Turai da Amurka, bin ƙa'idodin hayaniya ya koma tilas. Kamfanoni yanzu suna duba matakan hayaniyar yanayi a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken bin ƙa'idodin zamantakewa. Idan benen ku ya wuce 85 dB(A) kuma ba ku da shirin kiyaye jin magana da aka rubuta, ku yi tsammanin buƙatun gyara. Umarni ya tsaya. An janye kwangiloli. Masu siye ba sa tattaunawa kan wannan batu kuma.

2. MeInjinan Saka Da'iraA zahiri Samar

Hayaniyar da ke fitowa daga waniInjin Zagayeba shi da tushe ɗaya. Haɗaka ne.

Hulɗar allura da kyamara a cikin hanyar silinda ta kai kashi 40 zuwa 50 cikin ɗari na jimillar. Jirgin ƙasan gear da na'urorin bel suna ƙara wani kashi 25 zuwa 30 cikin ɗari. Na'urorin juyawa na cire kayan yadi suna ba da gudummawa kashi 10 zuwa 15 cikin ɗari. Fanka da sanyaya motar suna cika sauran.

Mitar da kake buƙatar kulawa da ita shine 500 Hz zuwa 4,000 Hz. Abin takaici, wannan shine ainihin madaurin kunnen ɗan adam da ya fi saurin amsawa.

Riga ɗayaInjin ZagayeGudun gudu daga 28 zuwa 30 RPM tare da ciyarwa 102 yawanci zai auna 84 zuwa 90 dB(A) a mita ɗaya daga silinda. Injin Interlock ko na'urar haɗaka biyu yana gudana daga 2 zuwa 4 dB(A) mafi girma - tsarin kyamarori biyu da hanyoyin injiniya masu tsauri. Injinan Jacquard tare da zaɓin lantarki sune mafi ƙara a cikin rukuni. Waɗannan masu kunna solenoid suna kunna kaifi, dannawa mai yawa yayin canje-canjen tsari wanda zai iya kaiwa 94 zuwa 97 dB(A). Kuna iya jin su suna yanke hayaniyar ƙasa daga ko'ina cikin zauren.

Matakan hayaniya ta nau'in na'ura (an auna mita 1 daga silinda):

3. Dokokin OSHA da EU: Abin da Ya Shafi Tsarin Ku

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.95 (Amurka)

OSHA ta saita iyakar fallasa da aka yarda da ita a 90 dB(A) don matsakaicin nauyin lokaci na awanni 8. Suna amfani da ƙimar musayar 5 dB, wanda ke nufin kowane 5 dB sama da 90 yana rage lokacin fallasa da aka yarda da shi a rabi. A 95 dB(A) zaka sami awanni 4. A 100 dB(A), awanni 2 ne. A 105, awa 1 ne. A 115, zaka gama cikin mintuna 15.

Matakin aiki ya kai 85 dB(A) TWA. Da zarar ka ketare wannan layin, cikakken shirin kiyaye ji zai fara — gwajin sauti na shekara-shekara, ana ba da kariyar ji, da horar da ma'aikata. Ga injin saka da ke aiki a yanayin da ke kewaye da 88 dB(A), hakan yana nufin kowane ma'aikaci ya shiga shirin. Ko sun ce hayaniyar ba ta dame su ba.

Umarnin Tarayyar Turai na 2003/10/EC

Tarayyar Turai ba ta yin komai. Ƙarancin ƙimar aikin fallasa a 80 dB(A) — an riga an buƙaci ku samar da kariya daga ji da horo. Babban ƙimar aikin fallasa a 85 dB(A) — kariya ta zama dole kuma gwajin sauti ya fara. Ƙimar iyaka ga fallasa a 87 dB(A), kuma wannan yana wakiltar raguwar PPE. Ba za ku iya wuce 87 dB(A) a kunne ba, period.

Bayani mai sauri:

• OSHA PEL: 90 dB(A) TWA, musayar 5 dB
• Matakin Aiki na OSHA: 85 dB(A) TWA — ana buƙatar shirin kiyaye ji
• Ƙimar Aiki ta EU: 80 dB(A) — kariya, bayanai, horo
• Babban ƙimar aikin EU: 85 dB(A) — kariya ta tilas, gwaji
• Iyakar Fuskantar EU: 87 dB(A) — cikakken rufi gami da PPE
• Iyakan kololuwa: OSHA 140 dB(C), EU 137 dB(C) don hayaniyar motsin rai

4. Kariyar Ji Da Ke Aiki Akan Bene Na Saka

Kariyar ji ita ce hanya ta ƙarshe ta kariya. A cikin injin niƙa, inda ba za ka iya rage hayaniyar tushe kamar yadda kake so ba, yana zama muhimmin abu na yau da kullun. Kimantawa sun bambanta - NRR a Amurka, SNR a EU - amma ƙa'idar iri ɗaya ce.

5. Sarrafa Injiniya: Abin da Za Ka Iya Canzawa a Matakin Inji

A kanInjin Zagayekanta

Injin Zagaye ko Injin Haɗa Hannu da aka gina da tunanin hayaniya tun daga ranar farko zai yi fice fiye da wanda aka yi tunanin amo a matsayin abin da aka yi tunani a kai. Waƙoƙin kyamarar da aka yi da kyau tare da ingantattun bayanan allura suna rage hayaniyar tasirin injiniya da 2 zuwa 4 dB(A) idan aka kwatanta da tsoffin ƙirar kyamarar. Gears na Helical maimakon gears masu yanke madaidaiciya suna rage hayaniyar raga ta gear da 3 zuwa 5 dB(A). Na'urorin Belt da na'urorin gear kai tsaye suna aske wani 2 zuwa 3 dB(A) daga watsa hayaniyar mota. Faifan kariya na silinda tare da kayan damshi suna rage hayaniyar da aka yi da 3 zuwa 6 dB(A). Kuma kiyaye man shafawa na allura zai iya fitar da hayaniyar gogayya 1 zuwa 2 dB(A) wanda babu wanda ya lura da shi har sai ya ɓace.

A kan benen masana'anta

Allon silin sauti (mafi ƙarancin NRC 0.75) na iya rage RT60 zuwa daƙiƙa 1.0-1.5 kuma ya rage matakan yanayi da 3 zuwa 6 dB(A). Rage ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin layukan injin yana karya hanyar hayaniyar kai tsaye. Wannan yana da tasiri musamman idan kuna da layukan Injin Interlock suna aiki da yadudduka masu yawa - waɗannan ƙananan mitoci suna tafiya kai tsaye ta cikin iska.

6. Sanya Inji: Kada Ka Yi Layi Kawai

A ajiye aƙalla mita 3.5 tsakanin layukan na'urori, daga tsakiya zuwa tsakiya. Idan aka kwatanta da tazara mai tazara ta mita 2.5, wannan ƙarin mita yana rage hayaniyar injin 2 zuwa 4 dB(A). Sanya kayan aiki mafi ƙarfi — Jacquards, Injinan Interlock masu girma — a ƙarshen zauren, ba a bazu ko'ina a ƙasa ba. Riƙe sawun hayaniyar yana hana matakan yanayi hawa ko'ina a cikin wurin da masu aiki ke tsaye.

7. Gina Aiki Mai Natsuwa Ya Fara Da Siyan Inji

A MORTON — Advanced Knitting Solutions, hayaniya ba wani tunani bane da muke yi bayan an kawo injin. Tsarin tsarin kyamarar kyamara, ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, daidaita silinda - waɗannan ana ƙera su cikin ƙira tun daga farko. Layukan Injin Zagaye namu guda ɗaya da Injin Interlock suna isar da hayaniya a ƙarshen masana'antar, yawanci 84 zuwa 90 dB(A) ya danganta da tsari da ma'auni.

Ga abin da yawancin masu masana'antar ke lura da shi a makare: ƙayyade ingancin hayaniya a lokacin siyan ita ce mafi arha mafi ƙarancin tsarin sarrafa hayaniya da za ku taɓa saya. Sake gyara bene mai hayaniya yana da tsada fiye da siyan injin da ba shi da hayaniya a gaba. Idan kuna zaɓar mai samar da kayayyaki, ku nemi lambobin decibel kafin ku sanya hannu. Idan ba za su iya ba ku amsa kai tsaye ba, wannan ita ce amsar da kanta.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

T: Sau nawa ya kamata mu auna hayaniya a ƙasa?
Sau ɗaya a shekara, mafi ƙarancin - sa ido kan yanki tare da ma'aunin aiki na mutum akan samfurin wakili na mai aiki. Duk lokacin da ka shigar da saboInjinan Zagayeko kuma sake shirya tsarin, gudanar da sabon ma'auni nan da nan. Kada ku jira zagayowar shekara-shekara.

T: Shin tsofaffin injuna suna ƙara ƙarfi akan lokaci?
Eh. Lalacewar sassan galibi yana ƙara 2 zuwa 5 dB(A) a tsawon shekaru 8 zuwa 10. Gyaran rigakafi akan sassan da ke juyawa - giya, bearings, da kuma wayoyin kyamara - shine kawai abin da ke sa tsohuwar na'ura ta kasance kusa da matakin hayaniyar ta ta asali.

T: Nawa ne kudin shirin kiyaye ji?
Ga masana'antar sarrafa injina mai aiki 100, ƙiyasta $3,000 zuwa $5,000 a shekara. Kwatanta hakan da da'awar rashin jin magana guda ɗaya, wacce matsakaicin $25,000 zuwa $40,000. Lissafin ba shi da rikitarwa.

T: Idan muka ninka adadin na'urori biyu, shin hayaniya ta ninka?
A'a. Hayaniya tana bin lanƙwasa na logarithmic. Ninki biyu daga na'urori 25 zuwa 50 a cikin zauren mai haske yana ƙara kusan 3 dB(A) zuwa matakan yanayi. Tsarin tsari da sautin sauti na iya canza wannan lambar, amma wannan shine ƙa'idar babban yatsa.

T: Shin ingancin kulawa yana shafar hayaniya da gaske?
Hakika. Injinan da suka wuce sa'o'in aiki 200 tsakanin zagayowar man shafawa za su yi aiki da ƙarfi daga 1.5 zuwa 3 dB(A). Maƙallan allurar da suka lalace suna samar da matsi na ƙarfe wanda ya kai 2 zuwa 4 dB sama da tushen. Ƙasa mai natsuwa tana farawa da jadawalin kulawa mai kyau.

MORTON — Ingantaccen Maganin Saka