1. Umsindo: Inkinga
Akekho Ofaka Uhlelo Lwephansi

Uma kwakhiwa umshini omusha wokuluka, abantu baphikisana ngemigqa yemishini, indawo yokugcina izintambo, izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo, izindawo zokulayisha imithwalo. Umsindo cishe awufiki emdwebeni. Lelo iphutha.

Imishini ejwayelekile yokuluka eyisiyingi esebenzisa ijezi elilodwa engu-50 ihlala endaweni ephakathi kuka-82 no-92 dB(A) yonke ishintsha isikhathi eside. Leyo yindawo efanayo yokuma eduze komgwaqo omkhulu amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Kwenze usuku nosuku ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa akubuyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthola opharetha abangezwani phezu kwemishini, izingcingo ezixwayisayo ezingabanjwa, kanye nengozi yengozi ekhuphuka buthule ngemuva.

Ezifekthri eTurkey, e-Uzbekistan, nakwezinye izindawo zokuthumela izimpahla eziya ezinhlotsheni zaseYurophu naseMelika, ukuthobela umsindo kusuke ekukhetheni kuya kokuphoqelekile. Izinkampani manje zihlola amazinga omsindo ozungezile njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho yezenhlalo. Uma iphansi lakho lidlula u-85 dB(A) futhi ungenalo uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwezindlebe olubhalwe phansi, lindela izicelo zokulungisa. Ama-oda amisiwe. Izinkontileka zisusiwe. Abathengi abasaxoxisani ngalezi zinto.

2. YiniImishini Yokuluka EjikelezayoKhiqiza Ngempela

Umsindo ophuma ku-Umshini Ojikelezayoayinawo umthombo owodwa. Kuyingxubevange.

Ukusebenzisana kwe-needle-to-cam ngaphakathi kwethrekhi yesilinda kubala amaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 esamba. Izitimela zamagiya kanye nama-belt drives engeza amanye amaphesenti angu-25 kuya kwangu-30. Ama-roller okususa indwangu anikela ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kuya kwangu-15. Amafeni kanye nokupholisa kwenjini kugcwalisa okusele.

Ibanga lemvamisa okudingeka ulikhathalele liphakathi kuka-500 Hz no-4,000 Hz. Ngeshwa, yilelo kanye ibhande lapho izindlebe zabantu zizwela khona kakhulu.

Ijezi elilodwaUmshini OjikelezayoAma-28 kuya ku-30 ​​RPM anama-feeder angu-102 ngokuvamile azokala u-84 kuya ku-90 dB(A) kumitha elilodwa ukusuka ku-cylinder. Umshini Wokukhiya noma iyunithi eboshwe kabili isebenza ngaphezulu kuka-2 kuya ku-4 dB(A) — izinhlelo ze-dual cam kanye nezindlela eziqinile zemishini. Imishini ye-Jacquard enokukhetha kwe-elekthronikhi iyona enomsindo kakhulu. Lawo ma-solenoid actuator aqala ngokuchofoza okubukhali, okuvama kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwephethini okungafinyelela ku-94 kuya ku-97 dB(A). Ungawezwa edlula umsindo wephansi ovela kulo lonke ihholo.

Amazinga omsindo ngohlobo lomshini (alinganiswa ngemitha eli-1 ukusuka kusilinda):

3. Imithethonqubo ye-OSHA kanye ne-EU: Okusebenza Empeleni Esitezi Sakho

I-OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.95 (US)

I-OSHA ibeka umkhawulo wokuvezwa ovunyelwe ku-90 dB(A) ngesilinganiso sesikhathi samahora angu-8 esilinganiselwe. Basebenzisa izinga lokushintshana elingu-5 dB, okusho ukuthi wonke ama-5 dB angaphezu kuka-90 anciphisa isikhathi sakho sokuvezwa esivunyelwe ngesigamu. Ku-95 dB(A) uthola amahora angu-4. Ku-100 dB(A), kungamahora ama-2. Ku-105, kungamahora angu-1. Ku-115, uqedile ngemizuzu engu-15.

Izinga lesenzo lifinyelela ku-85 dB(A) TWA. Uma usuweqe lowo mugqa, uhlelo oluphelele lokulondolozwa kwezindlebe luqala - ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometric kwaminyaka yonke, ukuvikelwa kwezindlebe kuhlinzekwa, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Kumshini wokuluka osebenzisa amazinga azungezile azungeze i-88 dB(A), lokho kusho ukuthi wonke umqhubi ungena ohlelweni. Akunandaba ukuthi bathi umsindo awubakhathazi yini.

Isiqondiso se-EU 2003/10/EC

I-EU ayidlali. Inani eliphansi lesenzo sokuchayeka ku-80 dB(A) — kakade kudingeka ukuthi unikeze isivikelo sokuzwa nokuqeqeshwa. Inani eliphezulu lesenzo sokuchayeka ku-85 dB(A) — isivikelo siba yimpoqo futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometric kuyaqala. Inani elilinganiselwe lokuchayeka ku-87 dB(A), futhi lokhu kubangelwa ukuncishiswa kwe-PPE. Awukwazi ukudlula ku-87 dB(A) endlebeni, bhala.

Inkomba esheshayo:

• I-OSHA PEL: 90 dB(A) TWA, ukushintshaniswa kwe-5 dB
• Izinga Lesenzo se-OSHA: 85 dB(A) TWA — uhlelo lokulondoloza ukuzwa luyadingeka
• Inani Lesenzo Esiphansi se-EU: 80 dB(A) — ukuvikelwa, ulwazi, ukuqeqeshwa
• Inani Lesenzo Esiphezulu se-EU: 85 dB(A) — ukuvikelwa okuphoqelekile, ukuhlolwa
• Umkhawulo Wokuchayeka e-EU: 87 dB(A) — uphahla oluphelele oluhlanganisa i-PPE
• Imikhawulo ephakeme: OSHA 140 dB(C), EU 137 dB(C) yomsindo wokushukuma

4. Isivikelo Sezindlebe Esisebenza Ngempela Ephansi Lokuluka

Ukuvikela ukuzwa kuyindlela yokugcina yokuzivikela. Emshinini wokugaya, lapho ungakwazi khona njalo ukulahla umsindo womthombo ngendlela ongathanda ngayo, kuba yinto ebalulekile nsuku zonke. Izilinganiso ziyahlukahluka — i-NRR e-US, i-SNR e-EU — kodwa isimiso sinye.

5. Izilawuli Zobunjiniyela: Lokho Ongakushintsha Ezingeni Lomshini

UseUmshini Ojikelezayouqobo

Umshini Ojikelezayo noma Umshini Wokukhiya owakhiwe ngomsindo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala uzosebenza kangcono kunalowo owathola ukwelashwa komsindo njengomqondo wakamuva. Amathrekhi ekhamera asezingeni eliphezulu anephrofayili ye-needle-butt elungiselelwe kahle anciphisa umsindo wokuthintana ngomshini ngo-2 kuya ku-4 dB(A) uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo yekhamera endala. Amagiya e-Helical esikhundleni samagiya asikiwe ngqo anciphisa umsindo we-gear mesh ngo-3 kuya ku-5 dB(A). Ama-belt drives uma kuqhathaniswa nama-direct gear drives acheba amanye ama-2 kuya ku-3 dB(A) ekudlulisweni komsindo wemoto. Amaphaneli onogada besilinda anezinto zokunciphisa anciphisa umsindo okhishwa yi-radiation ngo-3 kuya ku-6 dB(A). Futhi ukugcina i-needle lubrication icindezelwe kungakhipha umsindo wokungqubuzana ongu-1 kuya ku-2 dB(A) ongabonwa muntu kuze kube yilapho usuphelile.

Esitezi sefektri

Amaphaneli ophahleni lwe-acoustic (ubuncane be-NRC 0.75) anganciphisa i-RT60 ibe yimizuzwana eyi-1.0-1.5 futhi anciphise amazinga e-ambient ngo-3 kuya ku-6 dB(A). Ukulenga ama-baffles phakathi kwemigqa yomshini kuhlukanisa indlela yomsindo oqondile. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu uma unemigqa ye-Interlock Machines esebenzisa izindwangu ezixineneyo — lawo maza aphansi ahamba emoyeni ovulekile.

6. Ukubekwa Komshini: Ungagcini Ngokuzibeka Emgqeni

Gcina okungenani amamitha angu-3.5 phakathi kwemigqa yomshini, phakathi nendawo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhala esiqinile samamitha angu-2.5, leyo mitha eyengeziwe inciphisa umsindo we-cross-machine ongu-2 kuya ku-4 dB(A). Beka imishini enomsindo kakhulu — amaJacquard, ama-Interlock Machines ane-gauge ephezulu — ekugcineni kwehholo, ingasabalali phansi lonke. Ukuqukatha umsindo we-footprint kuvimbela amazinga e-ambient ekukhuphukeni noma kuphi lapho opharetha bakho bemi khona.

7. Ukwakha Umsebenzi Othule Kuqala Ngokuthengwa Komshini

Kwa-MORTON — Advanced Knitting Solutions, umsindo awuyona into esicabanga ngayo ngemva kokuthunyelwa komshini. I-geometry yethrekhi yekhamera, imininingwane yegiya, ukulinganisela kwesilinda — lokhu kuhlanganiswa ekwakhiweni kusukela ekuqaleni. Imigqa yethu eyodwa yejezi eliyindilinga lomshini kanye ne-Interlock Machine ihlinzeka njalo ngokukhipha umsindo engxenyeni engezansi yobubanzi bomkhakha, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-84 kuya ku-90 dB(A) kuye ngokucushwa kanye negeyiji.

Nansi into iningi labanikazi bemishini yokukhanda eliyiqonda sekwephuzile: ukucacisa ukusebenza komsindo ekuthengeni kuyindlela yokulawula umsindo eshibhile kakhulu oyoke uyithenge. Ukulungisa phansi enomsindo kubiza kakhulu kunokuthenga umshini othule ngaphambili. Uma ukhetha umhlinzeki, cela izinombolo ze-decibel ngaphambi kokuthi usayine. Uma bengenakukunikeza impendulo eqondile, leyo yimpendulo ngokwayo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Q: Kufanele silinganise kangaki umsindo phansi?
Kanye ngonyaka, okungenani — ukuqapha indawo kanye ne-dosimetry yomuntu siqu kusampula yomqhubi omele. Noma nini lapho ufaka okushaImishini Ejikelezayonoma uhlele kabusha ukwakheka, sebenzisa isilinganiso esisha ngokushesha. Ungalindi umjikelezo waminyaka yonke.

Q: Ingabe imishini emidala iba nomsindo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Yebo. Ukuguguleka kwezingxenye kuvame ukunezela ama-dB(A) angu-2 kuya kwangu-5 esikhathini sokuphila seminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-10. Ukugcinwa kokuvikela ezingxenyeni ezijikelezayo — amagiya, amabheringi, amathrekhi ekhamera — yikona kuphela okugcina umshini omdala useduze nomsindo wawo wokuqala.

Q: Lubiza malini uhlelo lokulondoloza ukuzwa?
Kumshini wokugaya osebenzisa abantu abayi-100, thola u-$3,000 kuya ku-$5,000 ngonyaka. Qhathanisa lokho nesimangalo esisodwa sokulahlekelwa ukuzwa emsebenzini, esiphakathi kuka-$25,000 kuya ku-$40,000. Izibalo aziyinkimbinkimbi.

Q: Uma siphinda kabili inani lemishini, ingabe umsindo uphinda kabili?
Cha. Umsindo ulandela ijika le-logarithmic. Ukuphinda kabili kusuka emishinini engu-25 kuya kwengu-50 ehholo elibonisa ukukhanya kunezela cishe u-3 dB(A) emazingeni e-ambient. Ukwakheka kanye ne-acoustic kungashintsha lelo nani, kodwa lokho kungumthetho wesithupha.

U: Ingabe ikhwalithi yokulungisa iyawuthinta ngempela umsindo?
Impela. Imishini edlula amahora okusebenza angu-200 phakathi kwemijikelezo yokugcoba izosebenza ngomsindo osuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-3 dB(A). Izibambo zezinaliti ezigugile zikhiqiza ukuchofoza kwensimbi okuhlala ku-2 kuya ku-4 dB ngaphezu kwesisekelo. Iphansi elithule liqala ngesimiso sokulungisa esihlelekile.

I-MORTON — Izixazululo Zokuluka Ezithuthukisiwe