1. Haruru: Te Raru
Kāore tetahi e whakatakoto ana i te mahere papa

Ina whakatūria he mira whatu hou, ka tautohe te iwi mō ngā rarangi mīhini, te rokiroki miro, ngā ara hīkoi, ngā tauranga uta. Kāore rawa te haruru e tae ki te tuhi. He hapa tēnā.

Ko te papa whatu porowhita noa e whakahaere ana i ngā mīhini kotahi e 50, kei waenganui i te 82 me te 92 dB(A) te roa o te nekehanga katoa. He rite tonu te taiao oro ki te tū i te taha o te huarahi tere mō ngā hāora e waru. Mā te mahi i tēnei i ia rā, i ia rā, me te kore he parenga, ā, kāore te ngaronga o te rongo e hoki mai. Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka kitea ngā kaiwhakahaere e kore e taea te whakarongo tetahi ki tetahi i runga i ngā mīhini, ngā karanga whakatūpato ka ngaro, me te mōrearea aituā e piki haere ana i muri.

Mō ngā mira i Turkey, Uzbekistan, me ētahi atu pokapū e tuku ana i ngā ratonga ki ngā waitohu Pākehā me Amerika, kua nekehia te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga haruru mai i te mea whiriwhiri ki te mea whakahau. Inaianei ka tirohia e ngā waitohu ngā taumata haruru taiao hei wāhanga o ngā arotake tutuki i ngā whakaritenga pāpori. Mena kei runga ake i te 85 dB(A) tō papa, ā, kāore he kaupapa tiaki whakarongo kua tuhia, me tumanako ka tonoa he mahi whakatikatika. Kei te tatarihia ngā ota. Kua whakakorea ngā kirimana. Kāore ngā kaihoko e whiriwhiri ana mō ēnei mea i ēnei rā.

2. He ahaNgā Mīhini Tuitui PorowhitaWhakaputa Tino

Ko te haruru e puta mai ana i teMīhini Porowhitakāore he pūtake kotahi. He ranunga.

E 40 ki te 50 ōrau o te katoa te taunekeneke ngira-ki-kame i roto i te ara rango. E 25 ki te 30 ōrau te tāpiri atu mai i ngā tereina taputapu me ngā taraiwa whitiki. E 10 ki te 15 ōrau te takoha mai i ngā roera tango-iho papanga. Ko te toenga ka whakakīia e ngā pā hau me te whakamatao motuka.

Ko te awhe auau e tika ana kia arohia e koe ko te 500 Hz ki te 4,000 Hz. Engari, koinei tonu te awhe e tino pārekareka ai ngā taringa tangata.

He hāte kotahiMīhini PorowhitaKo te rere i te 28 ki te 30 RPM me te 102 ngā whāngai ka ine i te 84 ki te 90 dB(A) i te mita kotahi mai i te rango. Ko te Mīhini Hononga, ko te waeine whatu-rua rānei, ka rere i te 2 ki te 4 dB(A) teitei ake - he pūnaha kamera takirua me ngā ara miihini piri ake. Ko ngā mīhini Jacquard me te kōwhiringa hiko te mea tino haruru o te rōpū. Ka pupuhi aua kaiwhakaoho solenoid i ngā pāwhiri koi, auau teitei i te wā e huri ana te tauira ka taea te eke ki te 94 ki te 97 dB(A). Ka taea e koe te whakarongo ki a rātou e tapahi ana i te haruru o te papa mai i tērā taha o te whare.

Ngā taumata haruru e ai ki te momo mīhini (i inehia 1 mita mai i te rango):

3. Ngā Ture a te OSHA me te EU: Ngā Mea e Pā Ana ki tō Papa

Paerewa OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 (US)

Ka whakatakotohia e te OSHA te rohenga whakawātea e whakaaetia ana ki te 90 dB(A) mō te toharite taumaha wā 8-hāora. Ka whakamahia e rātou he reiti whakawhiti 5 dB, ko te tikanga ko ia 5 dB neke atu i te 90 ka tapahia te wā whakawātea e whakaaetia ana kia haurua. Ki te 95 dB(A) ka whiwhi koe i te 4 hāora. Ki te 100 dB(A), e 2 hāora. Ki te 105, e 1 hāora. Ki te 115, ka oti koe i roto i te 15 meneti.

Ka eke te taumata mahi ki te 85 dB(A) TWA. Kia whiti koe i taua rārangi, ka tīmata he kaupapa tiaki taringa katoa — he whakamātautau oro ā-tau, he tiaki taringa e whakaratohia ana, he whakangungu kaimahi. Mō tētahi mira whatu e whakahaere ana i ngā taumata taiao tata ki te 88 dB(A), ko te tikanga ka uru atu ia kaiwhakahaere ki te kaupapa. Ahakoa te kī kāore te haruru e whakararuraru i a rātou, kāore he aha.

Te Aratohu a te EU 2003/10/EC

Kāore te EU e whakararuraru. Ko te uara mahi whakaaturanga iti iho i te 80 dB(A) — me whakarato koe i te tiaki whakarongo me te whakangungu. Ko te uara mahi whakaaturanga teitei ake i te 85 dB(A) — ka waiho hei tiaki ā-ture, ā, ka tīmata te whakamātautau oro. Ko te uara here whakaaturanga i te 87 dB(A), ā, koinei te take e whakaiti ana i te PPE. Kāore e taea te neke atu i te 87 dB(A) i te taringa, kua mutu.

Tohutoro tere:

• OSHA PEL: 90 dB(A) TWA, 5 dB whakawhiti
• Taumata Mahi OSHA: 85 dB(A) TWA — me whai kaupapa tiaki whakarongo
• Uara Mahi Iti o te EU: 80 dB(A) — tiakitanga, mōhiohio, whakangungu
• Uara Mahi o Runga o te EU: 85 dB(A) — tiakitanga whakahau, whakamātautau
• Tepe Whakamārama o te EU: 87 dB(A) — te tuanui tino tae atu ki te PPE
• Teitei o te tihi: OSHA 140 dB(C), EU 137 dB(C) mō te haruru hikohiko

4. Te Parenga Whakarongo e Mahi Ana i runga i te Papa Tuitui

Ko te tiaki taringa te arai whakamutunga. I roto i tētahi mira, kāore e taea te whakaiti i te haruru pūtake i ngā wā katoa e hiahia ana koe, ka noho hei mea nui o ia rā. He rerekē ngā whakatauranga - NRR i te US, SNR i te EU - engari he rite tonu te kaupapa.

5. Ngā Mana Whakahaere Hangarau: Ngā Mea Ka Taea e Koe te Huri i te Taumata Mīhini

I runga i teMīhini Porowhitaake

Ko te Mīhini Porowhita, te Mīhini Hononga rānei i hangaia me te whakaaro ki te haruru mai i te rā tuatahi, ka eke ki runga ake i te mīhini i whakaarohia he haruru i muri mai. Ko ngā ara cam tika-hurihuri me ngā kōtaha ngira-pūmau kua arotauhia ka whakaiti i te haruru pānga miihini mā te 2 ki te 4 dB(A) ki te whakataurite ki ngā hoahoa cam tawhito. Ko ngā taputapu helical hei utu mō ngā taputapu tapahi tika ka whakaiti i te haruru mata taputapu mā te 3 ki te 5 dB(A). Ko ngā puku whitiki me ngā puku taputapu tika ka whakaiti i te 2 ki te 3 dB(A) atu i te tuku haruru motuka. Ko ngā panera tiaki rango me te rauemi whakaiti ka whakaiti i te haruru i tukuna mā te 3 ki te 6 dB(A). Ā, mā te pupuri i te hinu ngira kia uru, ka taea te tango i te 1 ki te 2 dB(A) o te haruru waku e kore e kitea e tetahi kia ngaro ra ano.

I te papa o te wheketere

Ka taea e ngā panera tuanui oro (iti rawa te NRC 0.75) te whakaheke i te RT60 ki te 1.0-1.5 hēkona, me te whakaheke i ngā taumata oro taiao mā te 3 ki te 6 dB(A). Mā te whakairi i ngā ārai i waenganui i ngā rarangi mīhini ka pakaru te ara haruru tika. He tino whai hua tēnei ina he rarangi Mīhini Interlock āu e whakahaere ana i ngā papanga matotoru — ka haere tika aua auau iti i te rangi tuwhera.

6. Te Whakatakoto Mīhini: Kaua e Whakarārangihia Noa

Kia 3.5 mita te iti rawa i waenganui i ngā rarangi mīhini, mai i waenganui ki waenganui. Ki te whakatauritea ki te 2.5 mita te tawhiti, ka tapahia e taua mita tāpiri te 2 ki te 4 dB(A) o te haruru whakawhiti-mīhini. Whakatakotoria ngā taputapu tino haruru — ngā Jacquard, ngā Mīhini Hononga-rahi — ki tētahi pito o te whare, kaua e horahia puta noa i te papa katoa. Mā te pupuri i te tapuwae haruru ka kore e piki ake ngā taumata o te taiao i ngā wāhi katoa e tū ana ō kaiwhakahaere.

7. Ka tīmata te hanga i tētahi mahi marino mā te hoko mīhini

I MORTON — Advanced Knitting Solutions, ehara te haruru i te mea e whai ake nei i muri i te tukunga o te mīhini. Ko te āhua o te ara cam, ngā whakatakotoranga taputapu, te taurite rango — ka hangaia ēnei ki roto i te hoahoa mai i te tīmatanga. Ko ā mātou raina Mīhini Porowhita kotahi me te Mīhini Hononga-raka ka tukuna tonutia te putanga haruru i te pito o raro o te awhe ahumahi, ko te nuinga o te 84 ki te 90 dB(A) i runga i te whirihoranga me te ine.

Anei te mea e mōhiotia ana e te nuinga o ngā rangatira mira i muri rawa: ko te tautuhi i te mahi haruru i te wā hoko ko te whakahaere haruru iti rawa te utu ka taea e koe te hoko. He nui ake te utu mō te whakahou i te papa haruru i te hoko i tētahi mīhini marino i te tīmatanga. Mena kei te whiriwhiri koe i tētahi kaiwhakarato, pātai atu mō ngā tau desipera i mua i tō hainatanga. Mena kāore e taea e rātou te hoatu whakautu tika ki a koe, he whakautu anō tēnā.

Ngā Pātai Auau

P: Kia pēhea te auau o te ine i te haruru i runga i te papa?
Kotahi i te tau, iti rawa — te aroturukitanga rohe me te inenga inenga whaiaro i runga i te tauira kaiwhakahaere māngai. Ina tāuta koe i te tauira houNgā Mīhini Porowhitarānei, whakarerekētia te tahora, whakahaerehia he ine hou tonu. Kaua e tatari mō te huringa ā-tau.

P: Ka nui haere te haruru o ngā mīhini tawhito i roto i te wā?
Āe. Ko te kakahu o ngā wāhanga ka tāpirihia he 2 ki te 5 dB(A) i roto i te roanga o te ora o te 8 ki te 10 tau. Ko te tiaki ārai i ngā wāhanga hurihuri — ngā taputapu, ngā peera, ngā ara cam — koinei anake te mea e pupuri ana i te mīhini tawhito kia tata ki tōna taumata haruru taketake.

P: He aha te utu mō tētahi kaupapa tiaki i te rongo?
Mō tētahi mira e 100 ngā kaiwhakahaere, tatauhia te $3,000 ki te $5,000 i te tau. Whakatauritea tēnei ki tētahi kereme kotahi mō te ngaronga o te rongo i te mahi, arā, ko te toharite he $25,000 ki te $40,000. Ehara i te mea uaua te pāngarau.

Q: Ki te whakareatia te maha o ngā mīhini, ka whakareatia rānei te haruru?
Kāo. Ka whai te haruru i tētahi kōpiko logarithm. Mā te whakarea i te 25 ki te 50 mīhini i roto i tētahi whare whakaata ka tāpirihia te 3 dB(A) ki ngā taumata taiao. Ka taea e te tahora me te oro te neke i taua tau, engari koinei te ture matua.

P: He pānga tō te kounga o te tiaki ki te haruru?
Ae. Ko ngā mīhini e neke atu ana i te 200 hāora mahi i waenga i ngā huringa whakahinuhinu ka oro ake i te 1.5 ki te 3 dB(A). Ka puta he pao whakarewa ina pakaru ngā raka ngira, e 2 ki te 4 dB i runga ake i te turanga. Ka tīmata te papa marino me te kaupapa tiaki whai tikanga.

MORTON — Ngā Otinga Tuitui Matatau