1. Phokoso: Vuto
Palibe Amene Anayika Dongosolo la Pansi

Pamene mphero yatsopano yolukira ikhazikitsidwa, anthu amakangana za mizere ya makina, malo osungira ulusi, njira zoyendera, ndi malo opakira katundu. Phokoso silifika kwenikweni pa chojambulacho. Ndi cholakwika chimenecho.

Makina ozungulira oluka pansi okhala ndi ma jersey 50 okhala ndi mphamvu ya 82 ndi 92 dB(A) onse amasinthasintha nthawi imodzi. Ndi malo ofanana ndi kuyima pafupi ndi msewu waukulu kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Chitani izi tsiku ndi tsiku popanda chitetezo, ndipo kutaya kumva sikubwerera. Kuphatikiza apo, mumapeza ogwira ntchito omwe sangamve wina ndi mnzake pamakinawo, kuyimba machenjezo komwe sikunachitike, komanso chiopsezo cha ngozi chomwe chimakwera pang'onopang'ono kumbuyo.

Pa mafakitale ku Turkey, Uzbekistan, ndi malo ena otumizira ku makampani aku Europe ndi America, kutsatira malamulo a phokoso kwasintha kuchoka pa kusankha kupita pa kukakamizidwa. Makampani tsopano amayang'ana kuchuluka kwa phokoso lozungulira ngati gawo la kafukufuku wotsatira malamulo a anthu. Ngati malo anu ali pamwamba pa 85 dB(A) ndipo mulibe pulogalamu yolembedwa yosamalira kumva, yembekezerani zopempha zokonza. Maoda ayimitsidwa. Mapangano achotsedwa. Ogula sakambirananso pa izi.

2. Kodi chiyani?Makina Olukira OzunguliraZopangadi

Phokoso likuchokera kuMakina OzunguliraPalibe gwero limodzi. Ndi losakanikirana.

Kulumikizana kwa singano ndi kamera mkati mwa njanji ya silinda kumachititsa 40 mpaka 50 peresenti ya zonse. Sitima zamagiya ndi ma drive a lamba zimawonjezera 25 mpaka 30 peresenti ina. Ma roller ochotsa nsalu amapereka 10 mpaka 15 peresenti. Mafani ndi kuziziritsa kwa injini zimadzaza zotsalazo.

Ma frequency omwe muyenera kuwasamala ndi 500 Hz mpaka 4,000 Hz. Tsoka ilo, ndi gulu lomwe makutu a anthu amamva kwambiri.

Jeresi imodziMakina OzunguliraMa feeder okwana 28 mpaka 30 RPM nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma feeder okwana 102 omwe amakhala ndi ma dB (A) 84 mpaka 90 pa mita imodzi kuchokera pa silinda. Makina Olumikizirana kapena chipangizo cholumikizidwa kawiri chimayenda ndi ma dB (A) okwera 2 mpaka 4 — makina awiri a kamera ndi njira zolimba zamakina. Makina a Jacquard okhala ndi kusankha kwamagetsi ndi omwe amamveka kwambiri. Ma solenoid actuators amenewo amayatsa kudina kwakuthwa, kwa pafupipafupi kwambiri panthawi yosintha mawonekedwe komwe kumatha kufika pa 94 ​​mpaka 97 dB (A). Mutha kuwamva akudula phokoso la pansi kuchokera kudutsa holo.

Magulu a phokoso malinga ndi mtundu wa makina (omwe amayesedwa mita imodzi kuchokera ku silinda):

3. Malamulo a OSHA ndi EU: Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito Pakhomo Lanu

Muyezo wa OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 (US)

OSHA imaika malire ololedwa a 90 dB(A) pa avareji ya nthawi ya maola 8. Amagwiritsa ntchito 5 dB exchange rate, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti 5 dB iliyonse yoposa 90 imachepetsa nthawi yanu yololedwa ya kuwonetsedwa ndi theka. Pa 95 dB(A) mumapeza maola 4. Pa 100 dB(A), ndi maola awiri. Pa 105, ndi ola limodzi. Pa 115, mwatha mu mphindi 15.

Mulingo wa zochita umafika pa 85 dB(A) TWA. Mukangodutsa mzerewo, pulogalamu yonse yosamalira kumva imayamba - kuyesa kwa audiometric pachaka, chitetezo cha kumva chimaperekedwa, maphunziro a antchito. Pa fakitole yoluka yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito milingo yozungulira pafupifupi 88 dB(A), zikutanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amalowa mu pulogalamuyi. Sizikukhudza ngati akunena kuti phokoso silikuwavutitsa.

Lamulo la EU 2003/10/EC

EU sichita zinthu molakwika. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kumva ndi 80 dB(A) — kale mukuyenera kupereka chitetezo cha kumva ndi kuphunzitsa. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya kumva ndi 85 dB(A) — chitetezo chimakhala chofunikira ndipo kuyezetsa kwa audiometric kumayamba. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya kumva ndi 87 dB(A), ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti PPE ichepe. Simungapitirire 87 dB(A) pa khutu, period.

Buku lachidule:

• OSHA PEL: 90 dB(A) TWA, 5 dB exchange
• Mlingo wa Ntchito wa OSHA: 85 dB(A) TWA — pulogalamu yoteteza kumva ikufunika
• Mtengo Wotsika wa EU: 80 dB(A) — chitetezo, chidziwitso, maphunziro
• Mtengo wa EU Upper Action: 85 dB(A) — chitetezo chovomerezeka, mayeso
• Malire Owonekera ku EU: 87 dB(A) — denga lopanda kanthu kuphatikiza PPE
• Malire a pamwamba: OSHA 140 dB(C), EU 137 dB(C) pa phokoso la impulse

4. Chitetezo cha Kumva Chomwe Chimagwira Ntchito Pamalo Olukira

Chitetezo cha kumva ndiye mzere womaliza wa chitetezo. Mu mphero, komwe simungathe nthawi zonse kugwetsa phokoso la gwero momwe mungafunire, limakhala lofunika tsiku ndi tsiku. Mavoti amasiyana — NRR ku US, SNR ku EU — koma mfundo yake ndi yofanana.

5. Zowongolera Zauinjiniya: Zomwe Mungasinthe Pamlingo wa Makina

PaMakina Ozungulirayokha

Makina Ozungulira kapena Makina Olumikizirana Omangidwa ndi Phokoso kuyambira tsiku loyamba adzapambana omwe adalandira chithandizo cha phokoso ngati lingaliro lomaliza. Ma track a kamera yolumikizidwa bwino yokhala ndi ma profiles opangidwa bwino a needle-butt amatsitsa phokoso lamakina ndi 2 mpaka 4 dB(A) poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe akale a kamera. Ma gear a Helical m'malo mwa ma gear odulidwa molunjika amadula phokoso la ma gear ndi 3 mpaka 5 dB(A). Ma drive a lamba motsutsana ndi ma drive a gear olunjika amadula ena 2 mpaka 3 dB(A) kuchokera ku transmission ya phokoso la mota. Ma panel a silinda okhala ndi zinthu zonyowetsa amachepetsa phokoso loyatsidwa ndi 3 mpaka 6 dB(A). Ndipo kusunga mafuta a singano mkati kumatha kutulutsa phokoso la 1 mpaka 2 dB(A) lomwe palibe amene angazindikire mpaka litapita.

Pansi pa fakitale

Mapanelo a padenga la mawu (osachepera NRC 0.75) amatha kutsitsa RT60 kufika pa masekondi 1.0-1.5 ndikuchepetsa mlengalenga ndi 3 mpaka 6 dB(A). Kupachika ma baffle pakati pa mizere ya makina kumasokoneza njira ya phokoso mwachindunji. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri makamaka ngati muli ndi mizere ya Makina a Interlock omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu zokhuthala - ma frequency otsikawo amayenda panja.

6. Kuyika Makina: Osangowayika Pamzere

Sungani mtunda wa mamita osachepera 3.5 pakati pa mizere ya makina, pakati ndi pakati. Poyerekeza ndi mtunda wochepa wa mamita 2.5, mita yowonjezerayo imachepetsa phokoso la makina odutsa pakati pa 2 mpaka 4 dB(A). Ikani zida zokweza kwambiri — Jacquards, High-gauge Interlock Machines — kumapeto kwa holo, osafalikira pansi lonse. Kukhala ndi phokoso kumateteza malo ozungulira kuti asakwere kulikonse komwe ogwiritsira ntchito anu amaima.

7. Kupanga Ntchito Yokhala Chete Kumayamba ndi Kugula Makina

Ku MORTON — Advanced Knitting Solutions, phokoso si lingaliro lomwe timachita nalo pambuyo poti makina atumizidwa. Mawonekedwe a kamera, zofunikira pa giya, ndi kulinganiza kwa silinda - izi zimakonzedwa mu kapangidwe kuyambira pachiyambi. Makina athu ozungulira a jersey imodzi ndi mizere ya Interlock Machine nthawi zonse amapereka phokoso kumapeto kwa makampani, nthawi zambiri 84 mpaka 90 dB(A) kutengera kapangidwe ndi gauge.

Nayi chinthu chomwe eni ake ambiri amazindikira mochedwa: kutchula momwe phokoso limagwirira ntchito pogula ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yochepetsera phokoso yomwe mungagule. Kukonzanso pansi pomwe phokoso limawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa kugula makina opanda phokoso. Ngati mukusankha wogulitsa, funsani manambala a decibel musanasainire. Ngati sangathe kukupatsani yankho lolunjika, yankholo palokha ndi lomwelo.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Q: Kodi tiyenera kuyeza phokoso pansi kangati?
Kamodzi pachaka, osachepera — kuyang'anira dera komanso dosimetry yaumwini pa chitsanzo choyimira woyendetsa. Nthawi iliyonse mukayika yatsopanoMakina Ozungulirakapena sinthani kapangidwe kake, yesani muyeso watsopano nthawi yomweyo. Musayembekezere kuzungulira kwa pachaka.

Q: Kodi makina akale amakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi?
Inde. Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera 2 mpaka 5 dB(A) pa moyo wa zaka 8 mpaka 10. Kusamalira bwino zida zozungulira — magiya, mabearing, ndi ma cam track — ndicho chokhacho chomwe chimasunga makina akale pafupi ndi phokoso lake loyambirira.

Q: Kodi pulogalamu yosamalira kumva imawononga ndalama zingati?
Pa fakitale yokhala ndi makina 100, tengani $3,000 mpaka $5,000 pachaka. Yerekezerani zimenezo ndi mlandu umodzi wokhudza kutaya kumva chifukwa cha ntchito, womwe umakhala pakati pa $25,000 ndi $40,000. Masamu si ovuta.

Q: Ngati tichulukitsa kawiri chiwerengero cha makina, kodi phokoso limachulukitsa kawiri?
Ayi. Phokoso limatsatira mzere wa logarithmic. Kuwirikiza kawiri makina 25 mpaka 50 mu holo yowunikira kumawonjezera pafupifupi 3 dB(A) ku milingo yozungulira. Kapangidwe ndi mawu zimatha kusintha nambala imeneyo, koma imeneyo ndiye mfundo yaikulu.

Q: Kodi ubwino wokonza zinthu umakhudzadi phokoso?
Zoonadi. Makina omwe amapitilira maola 200 ogwirira ntchito pakati pa nthawi yopaka mafuta adzathamanga ndi mphamvu ya 1.5 mpaka 3 dB(A). Ma latch a singano osweka amapanga kudina kwachitsulo komwe kumakhala 2 mpaka 4 dB pamwamba pa malo oyambira. Pansi pamtendere pamayamba ndi nthawi yosamalira bwino.

MORTON — Mayankho Opangira Kuluka Kwapamwamba