1. Ruzha: Dambudziko
Hapana Anoisa Purani Yepasi
Kana chigayo chitsva chekuruka chagadzirwa, vanhu vanokakavadzana nezvemitsara yemichina, nzvimbo yekuchengetera shinda, nzira dzekufamba nadzo, nzvimbo dzekuisa zvinhu. Ruzha harumbofi rwakambosvika pakudhirowa. Iko kukanganisa.
Michina yekuruka yakatenderera inoshandisa denderedzwa ine majezi makumi mashanu ine simba rekushanda riri pakati pe82 ne92 dB(A) yese inotenderera kwenguva yakareba. Ndiyo nzvimbo yakafanana neyakamira padivi pemugwagwa mukuru kwemaawa masere. Ita izvi zuva nezuva usina dziviriro, uye kurasikirwa nekunzwa hakudzoki. Pamusoro pezvo, unowana vashandi vasinganzwi mumwe nemumwe pamusoro pemichina, kufona kwekunyevera kunoraswa, uye njodzi yetsaona inokwira chinyararire kumashure.
Kune makambani ekugadzira zvinhu muTurkey, Uzbekistan, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinotumira zvinhu kumakambani ekuEurope neAmerica, kutevedzera ruzha kwachinja kubva pakusarudza kuenda pakumanikidzwa. Makambani aya ari kutarisa huwandu hweruzha rwuri munzvimbo dzakasiyana sechikamu chekuongorora kutevedzera mitemo yemagariro evanhu. Kana pasi pako pakakwirira kupfuura 85 dB(A) uye usina chirongwa chekuchengetedza kunzwa chakanyorwa, tarisira zvikumbiro zvekugadzirisa. Maodha ari kumbomira. Zvibvumirano zvabviswa. Vatengi havachataurirane nezvenyaya iyi.
2. ChiiMichina yeKuruka YakatendereraZvigadzirwa Chaizvo
Ruzha rwuri kubudaMuchina wedenderedzwahaina kana imwe chete yakabva. Inongova musanganiswa.
Kubatana kweneedle-to-cam mukati menzira yecylinder kunoita 40 kusvika 50 muzana yehuwandu hwese. Zvitima zvegiya uye mabhendi zvinofambisa zvinowedzera imwe 25 kusvika 30 muzana. Maroller ekubvisa machira anopa 10 kusvika 15 muzana. Mafeni nekutonhodza mota zvinozadza zvimwe zvese.
Mafrequency aunofanira kungwarira i500 Hz kusvika 4,000 Hz. Zvinosuwisa kuti, ndiyo bhendi chaiyo iyo nzeve dzevanhu dzinonyanya kunzwa.
Jezi rimwe cheteMuchina wedenderedzwaInomhanya 28 kusvika 30 RPM ine mafeeder 102 inowanzova 84 kusvika 90 dB(A) pamita imwe kubva pa cylinder. Muchina weInterlock kana unit yakarukwa kaviri inomhanya 2 kusvika 4 dB(A) yakakwira - masisitimu maviri emakamera uye nzira dzakasimba dzemakanika. Michina yeJacquard ine sarudzo yemagetsi ndiyo inonyanya kurira. Ma solenoid actuators aya anoburitsa kudzvanya kwakapinza, kwakakwira panguva yekuchinja kwepateni kunogona kusvika pa94 kusvika 97 dB(A). Unogona kunzwa achicheka ruzha rwepasi kubva muhoro yese.
Mazinga eruzha zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuchina (akayerwa mita imwe kubva pasirindiri):
| Rudzi rwemuchina | dB(A) pa 1m | Kakawanda Kakawanda (Hz) | Zvinonzwika Sei |
| Jersey imwe chete (28G, 28 RPM) | 84-88 | 1,000-2,500 | Ruzha rwakadzikama |
| Jersey imwe chete (32G, 26 RPM) | 82-86 | 1,250-3,150 | Kurira kwepamusoro, vhoriyamu yakaderera |
| Muchina wekurukwa kaviri / wekubatanidza (24G, 22 RPM) | 86-91 | 800-2,000 | Maharmoniki akasiyana-siyana, kamera mbiri |
| Muchina wembabvu (18G, 24 RPM) | 83-87 | 630-1,600 | Rumble yakaderera |
| Terry / Dehwe (22G, 22 RPM) | 85-90 | 1,000-3,150 | Ruzha rwekunyura runowedzera 3-5 dB |
| Jacquard (yemagetsi, 18 RPM) | 88-94 | 2,000-4,000 | Makomo akapinza anopinza nguva nenguva |
3. Mitemo yeOSHA neEU: Zvinonyatsoshanda Pauriri Hwako
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.95 (US)
OSHA inoisa muganho unobvumidzwa wekuratidzwa pa90 dB(A) weavhareji yenguva inoyerwa maawa masere. Vanoshandisa chiyero chekutsinhana che5 dB, zvinoreva kuti 5 dB yega yega iri pamusoro pe90 inoderedza nguva yako yekuratidzwa inobvumirwa nehafu. Pa95 dB(A) unowana maawa mana. Pa100 dB(A), maawa maviri. Pa105, awa imwe chete. Pa115, wapedza mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu.
Chikamu chezviito chinosvika pa85 dB(A) TWA. Kana wangoyambuka muganhu iwoyo, chirongwa chakazara chekuchengetedza kunzwa chinotanga - kuyedzwa kwegore negore kwe audimetric, dziviriro yekunzwa inopihwa, kudzidziswa kwevashandi. Kune muchina wekuruka une mazinga emhepo angangoita 88 dB(A), zvinoreva kuti mushandi wese anopinda muchirongwa. Hazvina basa kana vachiti ruzha haruvavhiringidzi.
Mutemo weEU 2003/10/EC
EU haina dambudziko. Kukosha kwekushandiswa kwechinhu pa80 dB(A) kwakaderera — watove kunodiwa kuti upe dziviriro yekunzwa nekudzidziswa. Kukosha kwekushandiswa kwechinhu pa85 dB(A) — kudzivirirwa kunova chinhu chinodiwa uye kuyedzwa kwe audiometry kunotanga. Kukosha kwekushandiswa kwechinhu pa87 dB(A), uye izvi zvinoita kuti PPE isashande zvakanaka. Haufanire kudarika 87 dB(A) panzeve, nyora.
Rondedzero pfupi:
- OSHA PEL: 90 dB(A) TWA, 5 dB exchange
- OSHA Action Level: 85 dB(A) TWA — chirongwa chekuchengetedza kunzwa chinodiwa
- Kukosha kweEU kweChiito Chepasi: 80 dB(A) — dziviriro, ruzivo, kudzidziswa
- Kukosha kweEU Upper Action: 85 dB(A) — kuchengetedzwa kwemutemo, kuyedzwa
- Muganho weKuonekwa muEU: 87 dB(A) — denga rakazara kusanganisira PPE
- Miganhu yepamusoro: OSHA 140 dB(C), EU 137 dB(C) yeruzha rwekumhanya
4. Dziviriro Yekunzwa Inoshanda Pakuruka Pasi
Kudzivirira kunzwa ndiyo nzira yekupedzisira yekudzivirira. Muchigayo, uko usingagone kudonhedza ruzha rwekunobva ruzha sezvaunoda, zvinova chinhu chakakosha zuva nezuva. Kuyera kwakasiyana - NRR muUS, SNR muEU - asi musimboti wacho wakafanana.
| Rudzi rweDziviriro | NRR (dB) | Kudzikira Kwechokwadi (dB) | Kwazvinokodzera |
| Zvidzitiro zvemhezi zvinoraswa zvefuro | 29-33 | 11-13 | Mashandiro mapfupi, vashanyi |
| Mapulagi earplugs esilicone anogona kushandiswazve | 22-27 | 8-10 | Kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, kunogona kuwachwa |
| Zvishongo zvenzeve pamusoro penzeve | 22-31 | 8-12 | Kubviswa nguva nenguva, zviri nyore kuona kuti zvakakodzera |
| Zvinoenderana nedanho remagetsi | 20-26 | 7-10 | Nyanzvi dzekugadzirisa dzinoda kutaura |
| Maplug earbuds akagadzirwa nemaoko | 25-30 | 10-13 | Vashandi venguva refu, chisimbiso chakanakisa |
5. Kudzora Kweinjiniya: Zvaunogona Kuchinja Padanho reMuchina
PaMuchina wedenderedzwapachayo
Muchina weCircular Machine kana kuti Interlock Machine wakavakwa uchifunga nezveruzha kubva pazuva rekutanga uchapfuura uyo wakapihwa ruzha senzira yekuzorodzwa. Ma tracks ecam ane ma needle-butt profiles akagadziridzwa anodzikisa ruzha rwemagetsi ne2 kusvika 4 dB(A) zvichienzaniswa nema cam designs ekare. Ma helical gears pachinzvimbo chema straight-cut gears anocheka ruzha rwema gear ne3 kusvika 5 dB(A). Ma belt drives kana ma direct gear drives anochera mamwe 2 kusvika 3 dB(A) kubva pa motor noise transmission. Cylinder guard panels ane damping material anoderedza ruzha rwakasvibirwa ne3 kusvika 6 dB(A). Uye kuchengetedza neelection lubrication yakadzvanywa mukati kunogona kuburitsa 1 kusvika 2 dB(A) yeruzha rwekukweshana rusingaonekwe nemunhu kusvika rwapera.
Pauriri hwefekitori
Mapaneru edenga remaacoustic (asingasviki NRC 0.75) anogona kudonhedza RT60 kusvika 1.0-1.5 seconds uye kuderedza mafambiro emhepo ne3 kusvika 6 dB(A). Kurembera pakati pemitsara yemuchina kunoputsa nzira yeruzha yakananga. Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda kana uine mitsara yeMichina yeInterlock inomhanya nemachira akakora - mafrequency akaderera anofamba nemhepo yakashama.
6. Kuiswa Kwemuchina: Usangoisa Mitsetse Yawo Mumutsetse
Chengeta chinhambwe chemakiromita matatu nehafu pakati pemitsara yemichina, kubva pakati kusvika pakati. Zvichienzaniswa nekureba kwemamita maviri nehafu, mita iyoyo yekuwedzera inoderedza ruzha rwemichina ne2 kusvika ku4 dB(A). Isa michina ine ruzha rwakanyanya — Jacquards, high-gauge Interlock Machines — kune rimwe divi rehoro, kwete kupararira pasi rese. Kuva neruzha kunodzivirira kuti nharaunda isakwire chero kwakamira vashandi vako.
7. Kuvaka Basa Rakanyarara Kunotanga Nekutenga Muchina
KuMORTON — Advanced Knitting Solutions, ruzha harusi chinhu chatinofunga nezvacho mushure mekunge muchina wasvika. Cam track geometry, magiya anoshandiswa, cylinder balancing — izvi zvinogadzirwa kubva pakutanga. Mitsetse yedu yeCircular Machine neInterlock Machine inogara ichiburitsa ruzha muchikamu chezasi cheindasitiri, kazhinji 84 kusvika 90 dB(A) zvichienderana nechimiro uye gauge.
Hechino chinhu icho varidzi vazhinji vemagayoni vanoziva kunonoka: kutaura mashandiro eruzha pakutenga ndiyo nzira yakachipa yekudzivirira ruzha yaungambotenga. Kugadzirisa pasi rine ruzha kunodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura kutenga muchina wakanyarara pamberi. Kana uri kusarudza mutengesi, bvunza nhamba dzedecibel usati wasaina. Kana vasingakwanise kukupa mhinduro yakatwasuka, ndiyo mhinduro yacho pachayo.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Mubvunzo: Tinofanira kuyera ruzha pasi kakawanda sei?
Kamwe chete pagore, zvishoma — kutarisa nzvimbo pamwe chete nedosimetry yemunhu pamuenzaniso wemushandisi anomiririra. Pose paunoisa itsvaMichina Yakatendererakana kurongazve marongerwo acho, tanga nekuongorora patsva nekukasika. Usamirira kutenderera kwegore negore.
Mubvunzo: Michina yekare inowedzera ruzha nekufamba kwenguva here?
Ehe. Kupfekwa kwezvikamu kunowanzowedzera 2 kusvika ku5 dB(A) mumakore masere kusvika gumi ehupenyu. Kuchengetedza zvikamu zvinotenderera - magiya, mabheringi, matraki emakamera - ndicho chinhu chega chinoita kuti muchina wekare urambe uri pedyo neruzha rwawo rwepakutanga.
Mubvunzo: Chirongwa chekuchengetedza kunzwa chinodhura marii?
Pamuchina wekugadzira michina ine vanhu zana, verenga $3,000 kusvika $5,000 pagore. Enzanisa izvozvo nepfungwa imwe chete yekurasikirwa nekunzwa kwebasa, iyo iri pakati pe $25,000 kusvika $40,000. Masvomhu haana kuoma.
Mubvunzo: Kana tikawedzera huwandu hwemichina kaviri, ruzha runowedzera kaviri here?
Kwete. Ruzha runotevera curve ye logarithmic. Kupeta kaviri kubva pamichina makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu muhoro inopenya kunowedzera 3 dB(A) kumazinga emhepo. Kurongeka uye maacoustics zvinogona kuchinja nhamba iyoyo, asi ndizvo zvinotarisirwa.
Mubvunzo: Hunhu hwekugadzirisa hunokanganisa ruzha here?
Zvechokwadi. Michina inodarika maawa mazana maviri ekushanda pakati pema "lubrication cycles" ichamhanya ne1.5 kusvika ku3 dB(A). Ma "needle latches" akasakara anoita kuti "steel" iite 2 kusvika ku4 dB pamusoro pe "ground". Pasi pakanyarara panotanga nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa hwakarongwa.
MORTON — Mhinduro Dzepamusoro Dzekuruka
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-20-2026