1. Walaʻau: Ka Pilikia
ʻAʻohe mea e kau ana ma ka hoʻolālā papahele

Ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hale wili hou, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe e pili ana i nā lālani mīkini, ka waiho ʻana i nā olonā, nā ala hele wāwae, nā kahua hoʻouka ukana. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole hiki ke walaʻau ma ke kaha kiʻi. He kuhihewa kēlā.

ʻO kahi papahele ulana poepoe maʻamau e holo ana i 50 mau mīkini jersey hoʻokahi e noho ana ma waena o 82 a me 92 dB(A) a pau ka neʻe ʻana. ʻO ia ke ʻano leo like me ke kū ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke alaloa no ʻewalu hola. E hana i kēlā me kēia lā me ka ʻole o ka pale, a ʻaʻole e hoʻi hou mai ka nalowale o ka lohe. Ma luna o kēlā, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea hoʻohana e hiki ʻole ke lohe kekahi i kekahi ma luna o nā mīkini, nā kelepona hōʻike e hala ʻole ʻia, a me kahi pilikia ulia e piʻi mālie ana ma ke kua.

No nā hale wili ma Turkey, Uzbekistan, a me nā kikowaena ʻē aʻe e hoʻouna ana i nā lama ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ua neʻe ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka walaʻau mai ke koho ʻana a i ka mea e koi ʻia ai. Ke nānā nei nā lama i nā pae walaʻau ambient ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā loiloi hoʻokō kaiāulu. Inā holo kāu papahele ma luna o 85 dB(A) a ʻaʻohe āu papahana mālama lohe i palapala ʻia, e manaʻo i nā noi hana hoʻoponopono. Nā kauoha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua huki ʻia nā ʻaelike. ʻAʻole kūkākūkā hou nā mea kūʻai aku ma kēia mau mea.

2. He ahaNā Mīkini Ulana PōʻaiHoʻohua maoli

ʻO ka walaʻau e puka mai ana mai kahiMīkini Pōʻaiʻaʻohe ona kumu hoʻokahi. He hui ia.

ʻO ka pilina nila-a-cam i loko o ke ala cylinder he 40 a 50 pakeneka o ka huina. Hoʻohui nā kaʻaahi gear a me nā kāʻei kāʻei i 25 a 30 pakeneka. Hāʻawi nā wili lawe-iho lole i 10 a 15 pakeneka. Hoʻopiha nā peʻahi a me ka hoʻoluʻu motika i ke koena.

ʻO ka laulā alapine (frequency) āu e pono ai e mālama, he 500 Hz a i 4,000 Hz. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ia ke kāʻei kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ai nā pepeiao kanaka.

He pālule hoʻokahiMīkini PōʻaiʻO ka holo ʻana o 28 a 30 RPM me 102 mau mea hānai e ana maʻamau i 84 a 90 dB(A) ma hoʻokahi mika mai ka cylinder. ʻO kahi Mīkini Interlock a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana pālua e holo i 2 a 4 dB(A) kiʻekiʻe aʻe - nā ʻōnaehana cam pālua a me nā ala mechanical paʻa. ʻO nā mīkini Jacquard me ke koho uila ka leo nui loa o ka hui. Hoʻopuka kēlā mau actuators solenoid i nā kaomi ʻoi a kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o nā hoʻololi ʻano hiki ke piʻi i 94 a 97 dB(A). Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe iā lākou e ʻoki ana i ka walaʻau o ka papahele mai kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka hale.

Nā pae walaʻau e like me ke ʻano mīkini (i ana ʻia he 1 mika mai ka cylinder):

3. Nā Rula OSHA a me EU: He aha ka mea e pili maoli ana i kou papahele

Kūlana OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 (ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa)

Hoʻonohonoho ʻo OSHA i ka palena hōʻike i ʻae ʻia ma 90 dB(A) no ka awelika kaupaona manawa 8 hola. Hoʻohana lākou i ka helu hoʻololi 5 dB, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo kēlā me kēia 5 dB ma luna o 90 e hōʻemi i kou manawa hōʻike i ʻae ʻia i ka hapalua. Ma 95 dB(A) loaʻa iā ʻoe he 4 hola. Ma 100 dB(A), he 2 hola. Ma 105, he 1 hola. Ma 115, ua pau ʻoe i loko o 15 mau minuke.

Hoʻokūkū ka pae hana ma 85 dB(A) TWA. Ke hala ʻoe i kēlā laina, hoʻomaka kahi papahana mālama lohe piha - ka hoʻāʻo audiometric makahiki, ka pale lohe i hāʻawi ʻia, ke aʻo ʻana i nā limahana. No kahi hale wili ulana e holo ana i nā pae ambient ma kahi o 88 dB(A), ʻo ia hoʻi, komo kēlā me kēia mea hana i ka papahana. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui inā ʻōlelo lākou ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia ka walaʻau iā lākou.

Kuhikuhi EU 2003/10/EC

ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia ka EU. ʻO ka waiwai hana hōʻike haʻahaʻa ma 80 dB(A) - ua koi ʻia ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka palekana hoʻolohe a me ke aʻo ʻana. ʻO ka waiwai hana hōʻike kiʻekiʻe ma 85 dB(A) - lilo ka palekana i mea koi a hoʻomaka ka hoʻāʻo audiometric. ʻO ka palena o ka hōʻike ma 87 dB(A), a ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻēmi ʻana o ka PPE. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 87 dB(A) ma ka pepeiao, kiko.

Kuhikuhi wikiwiki:

• OSHA PEL: 90 dB(A) TWA, 5 dB hoʻololi
• Pae Hana OSHA: 85 dB(A) TWA — koi ʻia ka papahana mālama lohe
• Ka Waiwai Hana Haʻahaʻa o EU: 80 dB(A) — palekana, ʻike, hoʻomaʻamaʻa
• Ka Waiwai Hana Kiʻekiʻe o EU: 85 dB(A) — ka palekana koi ʻia, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana
• Palena Hōʻike EU: 87 dB(A) — kaupaku piha me ka PPE
• Nā palena kiʻekiʻe: OSHA 140 dB(C), EU 137 dB(C) no ka walaʻau impulse

4. Palekana Hoʻolohe e Hana Maoli ana ma kahi Papa Ulana

ʻO ka pale lohe ka laina hope loa o ka pale. I loko o kahi wili, kahi hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu mau i ka walaʻau kumu e like me kou makemake, lilo ia i mea nui i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOkoʻa nā loiloi - NRR ma US, SNR ma EU - akā like ke kumumanaʻo.

5. Nā Mana ʻenekinia: Ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi ma ka pae mīkini

Ma luna o kaMīkini Pōʻaiia iho

ʻO kahi Mīkini Pōʻai a i ʻole ka Mīkini Interlock i kūkulu ʻia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka walaʻau mai ka lā mua e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa ka mālama ʻana i ka walaʻau ma hope. ʻO nā ala cam precision-ground me nā ʻaoʻao nila-butt i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e hoʻemi i ka walaʻau hopena mechanical ma 2 a 4 dB (A) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoʻolālā cam kahiko. ʻO nā kia helical ma kahi o nā kia ʻoki pololei e hōʻemi i ka walaʻau mesh gear ma 3 a 5 dB (A). ʻO nā drive Belt vs. nā drive gear pololei e ʻoki i kahi 2 a 3 dB (A) mai ka hoʻoili walaʻau motika. ʻO nā panela kiaʻi cylinder me ka mea damping e hōʻemi i ka walaʻau radiation ma 3 a 6 dB (A). A ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka lubrication nila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia hiki ke huki i waho 1 a 2 dB (A) o ka walaʻau friction ʻaʻole ʻike kekahi a hiki i ka nalowale ʻana.

Ma ka papahele o ka hale hana

Hiki i nā panela kaupaku leo ​​(ka palena iki o NRC 0.75) ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka RT60 i 1.0-1.5 kekona a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae ambient i lalo e 3 a 6 dB(A). ʻO nā baffles e kau ana ma waena o nā lālani mīkini e uhaʻi i ke ala walaʻau pololei. He mea pono loa kēia ke loaʻa iā ʻoe nā lālani o nā Mīkini Interlock e holo ana i nā lole mānoanoa - hele pololei kēlā mau alapine haʻahaʻa ma ka lewa ākea.

6. Ke Kau ʻana o ka Mīkini: Mai Hoʻonohonoho wale iā lākou

E mālama i ka liʻiliʻi he 3.5 mika ma waena o nā lālani mīkini, mai ke kikowaena a i ke kikowaena. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi mamao paʻa o 2.5 mika, ʻoki kēlā mika keu i 2 a 4 dB(A) o ka walaʻau ma waena o nā mīkini. E kau i nā lako leo nui loa - Jacquards, nā Mīkini Interlock kiʻekiʻe - ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka hale, ʻaʻole e hohola ʻia ma ka papahele holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka kapuaʻi walaʻau e pale aku i nā pae ambient mai ka piʻi ʻana ma nā wahi a pau e kū ai kāu poʻe lawelawe.

7. Hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hana mālie me ke kūʻai ʻana i ka mīkini

Ma MORTON — Advanced Knitting Solutions, ʻaʻole ka walaʻau he mea ma hope o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka mīkini. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ala cam, nā kikoʻī o ke kia, ke kaulike ʻana o ka cylinder — ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o ka hoʻolālā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana. Hāʻawi mau kā mākou laina mīkini Circular Machine a me Interlock Machine i ka hoʻopuka walaʻau ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka pae ʻoihana, maʻamau 84 a 90 dB(A) ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke ana.

Eia ka mea a ka hapa nui o nā mea nona ka hale wili i ʻike ai i ka wā lohi: ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hana walaʻau ma ke kūʻai ʻana ʻo ia ka kaohi walaʻau makepono loa āu e kūʻai ai. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i kahi papahele walaʻau ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi mīkini mālie ma mua. Inā ʻoe e koho ana i kahi mea hoʻolako, e noi i nā helu decibel ma mua o kou kau inoa ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi pane pololei, he pane ia i loko ona iho.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia

Q: ʻEhia pinepine mākou e ana ai i ka walaʻau ma ka papahele?
Hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, ka palena iki - ka nānā ʻana i ka wahi a me ka dosimetry pilikino ma kahi hāpana mea hoʻohana. I kēlā me kēia manawa āu e hoʻokomo ai i kahi mea houNā Mīkini Pōʻaia i ʻole e hoʻonohonoho hou i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, e holo koke i kahi ana hou. Mai kali no ke kaʻina hana makahiki.

Q: Ke piʻi nei ka leo nui o nā mīkini kahiko i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa?
ʻAe. Hoʻohui pinepine ka ʻaʻahu ʻana o nā ʻāpana i 2 a 5 dB(A) ma luna o ke ola o 8 a 10 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mālama pale ʻana ma nā ʻāpana e wili ana - nā kia, nā bearings, nā ala cam - ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e mālama ai i kahi mīkini kahiko kokoke i kona pae walaʻau mua.

Q: He aha ke kumukūʻai o kahi papahana mālama lohe?
No kahi hale wili me 100 mau mea hana, e helu i $3,000 a i $5,000 i ka makahiki. E hoʻohālikelike i kēlā me kahi koi hoʻokahi no ka pohō lohe hana, ʻo ia hoʻi he $25,000 a i $40,000 ka awelika. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka makemakika.

Q: Inā pāpālua mākou i ka helu o nā mīkini, pāpālua anei ka walaʻau?
ʻAʻole. Hahai ka walaʻau i kahi piʻo logarithmic. ʻO ka pāpālua ʻana mai 25 a 50 mau mīkini i loko o kahi hale noʻonoʻo e hoʻohui i kahi 3 dB (A) i nā pae ambient. Hiki i ka hoʻolālā a me ka acoustics ke hoʻololi i kēlā helu, akā ʻo ia ke kānāwai o ka manamana nui.

Q: Ke hoʻopilikia maoli nei anei ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka walaʻau?
ʻAe nō. ʻO nā mīkini e hala ana ma mua o 200 mau hola hana ma waena o nā pōʻaiapuni lubrication e holo i ka leo nui he 1.5 a 3 dB(A). Hoʻopuka nā laka nila i hoʻohana ʻia i kahi kaomi metala e noho ana ma waena o 2 a 4 dB ma luna o ka baseline. Hoʻomaka kahi papahele mālie me kahi papa hana mālama pono.

MORTON — Nā Hoʻonā Ulana Holomua